What exactly is the difference between a surge protector and a fuse? Can a fuse protect the electronic devices from lightning instead of surge protector?
09.06.2025 11:51
(Dc diagram shown, AC is similar).
What does a fuse do?
This is an electronic circuit designed to clamp voltages so that the Voltage Potential that appears at the outlet is never going to exceed the nominal value.
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Mohan forgets that a fuse is a one-time device, and needs to be replaced if it is tripped.
the problem then depends on "how fast does the fuse operate?".
This is 'the assistant's answer'
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A circuit breaker is similar, but is resettable.
When the current is 200% of the rated value , it will “go open” (the link metal melts) and protect the device.
There are two important concepts here.
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These devices are installed between the “hot” and “neutral” and protective ground.
This is the picture of an electronic coil of wire wound around a core of magnetic material.
But it can get overloaded, and no longer works.
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This is where the MOV conducts again, and dissipated the energy.
Is the question then , "why buy a surge supressor, if the fuse alone protects the electronic circuits from a lightning bolt?".
Because the load is inductive, the current lags the voltage.(by a bit).
Can the fuse protect the electronic devices from lightning instead of a surge protector.
but I think this circuit , shows a few more pieces.
At least they know the answer if they wanted it.
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What is lightning?
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Here is a simplified AC power diagram.
First Sentence:
One is “what exactly is in a ‘surge protector’ ? ”
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This is a high voltage low current spike that comes down the line because of the power poles being struck, and the voltage suppressors activating on the primary side of the transformer.
[image of Common-mode choke]
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These are simplified answers to the original question, and does not change anything I wrote above.
This is a photo where a lightning bolt took out a home's complete mains distribution box, and a lot of electronic gear as well.
It’s been three xxx five werks, and there has been no response to my follow on query on his Commment to my answer.
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There are three different concepts here that are getting confused.
Upvotes:
It seems Mohan does not understand the difference between a comment and an Answer.
“ A surge suppressor is the one which is connected at the input supply so that when there is a sudden change voltage it bypasses thereby protecting the (circuit) and electronic components”
“ … to protect building, lightning arrestor, is provided above building and directly connected to earth.”
So combined with a device called a MOV or Metal-oxide-resistor, then forms the 3rd part of a “surge suppressor “.
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P = e* I, so since I is 16 amps, then the voltage dropped is 1/16 volt or 0.0650 volts.
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so, the loop of wire then, when put together with another loop reduces the ‘noise’ on a power line.
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He then asserts :
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Fuses, on their own, then operate much slower than the MOV variable resistance, during the lightning strike.
(There is no concept of polarity, in the loop because the current changes direction 100 to 120 times a second (power frequency).
He then describes Rainy Season and Lightning.
And this is the problem alone. Is the power supply in the equipmemt designed with a lightning strike in mind? Some yes, others, no.
For this case there are devices called Metal oxide varistors (MOV).
A fuse is a non-resetable over current circuit protector.
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Barnstars:
what exactly is a ‘surge’ protector?
The bolt then partially travels down the line to your home.
But… the neutral is now “floating” because of the 1 ohm resistance.
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This device then solves the entire problem.
He then describes the function of a fuse.
Now when you have a certain ac resistance, then a current flows in a loop.
Once the voltage goes over 0.0650 volts, then this fact can be used to amplify the difference, and turn the circuit breaker off , furthur down the line. Essentially that is what a RCD/GFCI does, it compares the incoming current, to the outgoing current, and if the difference between the two currents is over 5mA, then it trips the circuit breaker.
This one hit behind the barn.
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An AC voltage/ current source, and an ac inductive load.
“ A fuse is a device which protects the (circuit) against overload and short circuit.”
There is no harm in having the surge suppressor along with the fuse in the circuit. The fuse will not open up until the current melts the link. This will take time, and in the interim, that jolt will get transmitted into the power supplies.
Edit 2024–10.
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Lightning arrestor is a spark-gap device, and can be installed anywhere. What is important, is that the wire is thick enough to withstand the lightning bolt and conduct the energy away from the building.
So, the voltage could go up to 500 volts, and the fuse will not open up.
It also is a device that limits the change in current flow.
a photo is worth a thousand words.
At the secondary, it is 1000 times less.)turns ratio). If it gets hit with a 100,000 volt bolt of lightning then the voltage arrestors conduct and clamp the voltage down to line voltage, ( but a small amount leaks down the line). This is the problem.
At one ohm, the resistor has a maximum of 1 watt power.
In schematic diagrams this is the symbol for a fuse:
The third is lightning and “how it gets conducted into a home.”
But during the surge, the fuse will not blow if it is a longer duration and lower value )10 to 50%).
Would individual surge supressors have save this equipment? most likely, since the surge supressor would take the jolt instead of the electronic components.
The MOV will conduct when the voltage exceeds 50% of line voltage.
This is where this question deviates from being a 'generic' question, and becomes more specific.
so, what happens?
[old diagram got deleted by accident]
If the nominal power is 4,000 watts then the current at 230volts is 16 amps.
OK, this is Mohan Rajaratnam’s definition of a Surge suppressor.
I post the exact comment here.
The other is “what does a “fuse” do?”
So, it’s possible that these devices from Trip Lite have addition suppression devices, these ones seem to be sturdy.
but this device (an Inductor) … impedes the rapid changes in the current.